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Bulk and surface characterization of In2O3(001) single crystals

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Author

  • Daniel R. Hagleitner
  • Manfred Menhart
  • Peter Jacobson
  • Sara Blomberg
  • Karina Schulte
  • Edvin Lundgren
  • Markus Kubicek
  • Juergen Fleig
  • Frank Kubel
  • Christoph Puls
  • Andreas Limbeck
  • Herbert Hutter
  • Lynn A. Boatner
  • Michael Schmid
  • Ulrike Diebold
Show all

Summary, in English

A comprehensive bulk and surface investigation of high-quality In2O3(001) single crystals is reported. The transparent-yellow, cube-shaped single crystals were grown using the flux method. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveals small residues of Pb, Mg, and Pt in the crystals. Four-point-probe measurements show a resistivity of 2.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(5) Omega cm, which translates into a carrier concentration of approximate to 10(12) cm(-3). The results from x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revise the lattice constant to 10.1150(5) angstrom from the previously accepted value of 10.117 angstrom. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of a reduced (sputtered/annealed) and oxidized (exposure to atomic oxygen at 300 degrees C) surface show a step height of 5 angstrom, which indicates a preference for one type of surface termination. The surfaces stay flat without any evidence for macroscopic faceting under any of these preparation conditions. A combination of low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and atomically resolved STM indicates an indium-terminated surface with small islands of 2.5 angstrom height under reducing conditions, with a surface structure corresponding to a strongly distorted indium lattice. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) reveals a pronounced surface state at the Fermi level (E-F). Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) shows additional, deep-lying band gap states, which can be removed by exposure of the surface to atomic oxygen. Oxidation also results in a shoulder at the O 1s core level at a higher binding energy, possibly indicative of a surface peroxide species. A downward band bending of 0.4 eV is observed for the reduced surface, while the band bending of the oxidized surface is of the order of 0.1 eV or less.

Publishing year

2012

Language

English

Publication/Series

Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics)

Volume

85

Issue

11

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

American Physical Society

Topic

  • Physical Sciences
  • Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
  • Natural Sciences

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1098-0121