Addition of Various Carbohydrates to Beef Burgers Affects the Formation of Heterocyclic Amines during Frying
Author
Summary, in English
The influence of the addition of carbohydrates with different physicochemical properties on weight loss and formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) during the frying of beef burgers was examined. Furthermore, the capability of carbohydrates to bind HAs was tested. Beef burgers containing 1.5% NaCl and 0.3% tripolyphosphate (reference), with the addition of 1.5% carbohydrate, were fried for 5 min at 200 C in a double-sided pan fryer. The beef burgers were analyzed for HAs with solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were detected in all of the beef burgers. The addition of carbohydrates affected both the weight loss and the formation of HAs during cooking. The formation of HAs could be correlated to depend on both the weight loss and the type of the added carbohydrate. Of the 11 different carbohydrates tested, raw potato starch was most capable of inhibiting the formation of HAs, while potato fiber gave the lowest weight loss and a comparably low amount of PhIP. Wheat bran and potato fiber were found to reversibly bind HAs. It is concluded that adding small amounts of certain carbohydrates may be a simple and effective way of reducing the amount of HAs and can easily be applied in households and commercial preparations of beef burgers.
Keywords: Heterocyclic amines; beef burger; frying; carbohydrates; water holding; PhIP; MeIQx; 4,8-DiMeIQx; Harman; Norharman
Keywords: Heterocyclic amines; beef burger; frying; carbohydrates; water holding; PhIP; MeIQx; 4,8-DiMeIQx; Harman; Norharman
Department/s
Publishing year
2004
Language
English
Pages
7561-7566
Publication/Series
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume
52
Issue
25
Document type
Journal article
Publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
Topic
- Agricultural Science, Forestry and Fisheries
Keywords
- beef burger
- Heterocyclic amines
- frying
- carbohydrates
- water holding
- PhIP
- MeIQx
- 4
- 8-DiMeIQx
- Harman
- Norharman
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Other
- ISSN: 0021-8561