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Poor Relief, Taxes and the First Universal Pension Reform: the origin of the Swedish welfare state reconsidered

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Author

Summary, in English

In the year 1900, Sweden probably had the oldest population in the contemporary world. It was also the first nation to implement a universal pension system in 1913. The universal character in early social legislation has certainly been decisive for the development of the Swedish welfare state. This alternative has not been self-evident. Why did the reforms turn universal, when the continental model, the Bismarck social security system, was exclusively directed at industrial workers? Research has concentrated on demographic factors and growing demands for social security, or on the fact that Sweden was still a predominantly rural society with about 2,400 local authorities. This article examines the development of social legislation in the light of local government expenditures and incomes, and suggests an overlooked possibility: the formulation of the first universal national social security reform was a redistributional response to uneven distribution of incomes and general expenditures among the rural districts in Sweden.

Publishing year

2010

Language

English

Pages

391-402

Publication/Series

Scandinavian Journal of History

Volume

35

Issue

4

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

Routledge

Topic

  • Social Work
  • Economic History

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1502-7716