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Algorithm and implementation of the K-best sphere decoding for MIMO detection

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Author

  • Zhan Guo
  • Peter Nilsson

Summary, in English

K-best Schnorr-Euchner (KSE) decoding algorithm is proposed in this paper to approach near-maximum-likelihood (ML) performance for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) detection. As a low complexity MIMO decoding algorithm, the KSE is shown to be suitable for very large scale integration (VLSI) implementations and be capable or supporting soft outputs. Modified KSE (MKSE) decoding algorithm is further proposed to improve the performance of the soft-output KSE with minor modifications. Moreover, a VLSI architecture is proposed for both algorithms. There are several low complexity and low-power features incorporated in the proposed algorithms and the VLSI architecture. The proposed hard-output KSE decoder and the soft-output MKSE decoder is implemented for 4 x 4 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) MIMO detection in a 0.35-mu m and a 0.13-mu m CMOS technology, respectively. The implemented hard-output KSE chip core is 5.76 mm(2) with 91 K gates. The KSE decoding throughput is up to 53.3 Mb/s with a core power consumption of 626 mW at 100 MHz clock frequency and 2.8 V supply. The implemented soft-output MKSE chip can achieve a decoding throughput of more than 100 Mb/s with a 0.56 mm(2) core area and 97 K gates. The implementation results show that it is feasible to achieve near-ML performance and high detection throughput for a 4 x 4 16-QAM MIMO system using the proposed algorithms and the VLSI architecture with reasonable complexity.

Publishing year

2006

Language

English

Pages

491-503

Publication/Series

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Volume

24

Issue

3

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Topic

  • Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering

Keywords

  • Schnorr-Euchner algorithm
  • sphere decoder
  • very large scale integration (VLSI)
  • multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)

Status

Published

Research group

  • Elektronikkonstruktion

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1558-0008