High-level energy estimation in the sub-VT domain: simulation and measurement of a cardiac event detector

Summary, in English

This paper presents a flow that is suitable to estimate energy dissipation of digital standard-cell based designs which are determined to be operated in the sub-threshold regime. The flow is applicable on gate-level netlists, where back-annotated toggle information is used to find the minimum energy operation point, corresponding maximum clock frequency, as well as the dissipated energy per clock cycle. The application of the model

is demonstrated by exploring the energy efficiency of pipelining, retiming and register balancing. Simulation results, which are obtained during a fraction of SPICE simulation time, are validated by measurements on a wavelet based cardiac event detector that was fabricated in 65 nm low-leakage high-threshold technology. The mean of the absolute modeling error is calculated as 5.2 %, with a standard deviation of 6.6% over the measurement points. The cardiac event detector dissipates 0.88 pJ/sample at a supply voltage of 320mV.

• Author: OmerCan Akgun; Joachim Rodrigues; Yusuf Leblebici; Viktor Öwall
• Department/s: Department of Electrical and Information Technology; ELLIIT: the Linköping-Lund initiative on IT and mobile communication
• Publishing year: 2012
• Language: English
• Pages: 15-27
• Publication/Series: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 1
• Links: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2011.2157505
• Document type: Journal article
• Publisher: IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Topic: Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
• Keywords: High-level energy estimation; sub-threshold; QRS detection; R-wave; cardiac pacemaker; energy model.
• Status: Published
• Research group: Digital ASIC; Elektronikkonstruktion
• ISBN/ISSN/Other: ISSN: 1932-4545