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Phylogeny of Tec family kinases identification of a premetazoan origin of Btk, Bmx, Itk, Tec, Txk, and the Btk regulator SH3BP5.

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Author

Summary, in English

It is generally considered mammals and birds have five Tec family kinases (TFKs): Btk, Bmx (also known as Etk), Itk, Tec, and Txk (also known as Rlk). Here, we discuss the domains and their functions and regulation in TFKs. Over the last few years, a large number of genomes from various phyla have been sequenced making it possible to study evolutionary relationships at the molecular and sequence level. Using bioinformatics tools, we for the first time demonstrate that a TFK ancestor exists in the unicellular choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis, which is the closest known relative to metazoans with a sequenced genome. The analysis of the genomes for sponges, insects, hagfish, and frogs suggests that these species encode a single TFK. The insect form has a divergent and unique N-terminal region. Duplications generating the five members took place prior to the emergence of vertebrates. Fishes have two or three forms and the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, has four (lacks Txk). Thus, not all mammals have all five TFKs. The single identified TFK in frogs is an ortholog of Tec. Bmx seems to be unique to mammals and birds. SH3BP5 is a negative regulator of Btk. It is conserved in choanoflagellates and interestingly exists also in nematodes, which do not express TFKs, suggesting a broader function in addition to Btk regulation. The related SH3BP5-like protein is not found in Nematodes.

Publishing year

2008

Language

English

Pages

51-80

Publication/Series

Advances in Genetics

Volume

64

Document type

Journal article review

Publisher

Academic Press

Topic

  • Medical Genetics

Keywords

  • Chickens: genetics
  • Mammals: genetics
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases: genetics
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases: metabolism
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases: chemistry
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases: classification
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases: genetics

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 0065-2660