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Cytogenetic features of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: an iBFM-SG study

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Author

  • Erik Forestier
  • Shai Izraeli
  • Bernal Beverloo
  • Oskar Haas
  • Andrea Pession
  • Kyra Michalova
  • Batia Stark
  • Christine J. Harrison
  • Andrea Teigler-Schlegel
  • Bertil Johansson

Summary, in English

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a markedly increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To identify chromosomal changes cooperating with +21 that may provide information on the pathogenesis of these leukemias, we analyzed 215 DS-ALLs and 189 DS-AMLs. Unlike previous smaller series, a significant proportion of DS-ALLs had the typical B-cell precursor ALL abnormalities high hyperdiploidy (HeH; 11%) and t(12;21)(p13;q22) (10%). The HeH DS-ALLs were characterized by gains of the same chromosomes as non-DS-HeH, suggesting the same etiology/pathogenesis. In addition, specific genetic subtypes of DS-ALL were suggested by the significant overrepresentation of cases with +X, t(8;14)(q11; q32), and del(9p). Unlike DS-ALL, the common translocations associated with non-DS-AML were rare in DS-AML, which instead were characterized by the frequent presence of dup(1q), del(6q), del(7p), dup(7q), +8, +11, del(16q), and +21. This series of DS leukemias-the largest to date-reveals that DS-ALL is a heterogeneous disorder that comprises both t(12;21) and HeH as well as DS-related abnormalities. Furthermore, this analysis confirms that DS-AML is a distinct entity, originating through other genetic pathways than do non-DS-AMLs, and suggests that unbalanced changes such as dup(1q), +8, and +21 are involved in the leukemogenic process.

Publishing year

2008

Language

English

Pages

1575-1583

Publication/Series

Blood

Volume

111

Issue

3

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

American Society of Hematology

Topic

  • Hematology

Status

Published

Research group

  • Genetic and epigenetic studies of pediatric leukemia

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1528-0020