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The thermal insulation difference of clothing ensembles on the dry and perspiration manikins

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Author

  • Zhou Xiaohong
  • Zheng Chunqin
  • Qiang Yingming
  • Ingvar Holmér
  • Chuansi Gao
  • Kalev Kuklane

Summary, in English

There are about a hundred manikin users around the world. Some of them use the manikin such as 'Walter' and 'Tore' to evaluate the comfort of clothing ensembles according to their thermal insulation and moisture resistance. A 'Walter' manikin is made of water and waterproof breathable fabric 'skin', which simulates the characteristics of human perspiration. So evaporation, condensation or sorption and desorption are always accompanied by heat transfer. A 'Tore' manikin only has dry heat exchange by conduction, radiation and convection from the manikin through clothing ensembles to environments. It is an ideal apparatus to measure the thermal insulation of the clothing ensemble and allows evaluation of thermal comfort. This paper compares thermal insulation measured with dry 'Tore' and sweating 'Walter' manikins. Clothing ensembles consisted of permeable and impermeable clothes. The results showed that the clothes covering the 'Walter' manikin absorbed the moisture evaporated from the manikin. When the moisture transferred through the permeable clothing ensembles, heat of condensation could be neglected. But it was observed that heavy condensation occurred if impermeable clothes were tested on the 'Walter' manikin. This resulted in a thermal insulation difference of clothing ensembles on the dry and perspiration manikins. The thermal insulation obtained from the 'Walter' manikin has to be modified when heavy condensation occurs. The modified equation is obtained in this study.

Publishing year

2010

Language

English

Publication/Series

Measurement Science & Technology

Volume

21

Issue

8

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Topic

  • Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics

Keywords

  • manikins
  • condensation
  • thermal insulation
  • impermeable clothing

Status

Published

Research group

  • Thermal Environment Laboratory

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 0957-0233