Liber daticus vetustior : ett martyrologium från 1100-talet
Author
Editor
- Eva Nilsson Nylander
Summary, in English
Liber Daticus Vetustior: A Martyrology from the Twelfth Century
The purpose of the article is to explain what a martyrology is and how it was used, to situate Liber Daticus Vetustior (LDV) in the history of martyrologies and to elucidate its sources, character and original function. General accounts about Christian celebration, the cult of saints and the historical development of the martyrology pave the way for more specific treatment of the textual history of the LDV and its use within the chapter office.
Chapter took place in religious communities after prime or terce and consisted of three main sections, a liturgical one, a disciplinary ”chapter of faults” and a session of practical deliberations. The liturgical section normally consisted of gathering, reading from calendar and martyrology, prayer for God’s assistance during the day, reading from the rule of the community, commemoration of departed friends and distribution of liturgical tasks. But the structure varied. In Lund, although the cathedral community followed the Rule of Aachen and a revised version of the customs of the canons regular of Marbach, chapter was celebrated in a form apparently inspired by the Rule of Chrodegang, where the reading from the rule was placed first, ahead of the reading from the martyrology. The contents of Necrologium Lundense (NL), a chapter book from 1123, reflect this order. However, the NL contains no martyrology, only a calendar with the names of saints that were commemorated liturgically.
The LDV was acquired c. 1140 and is a combined martyrology and necrology. It may have been used in conjunction with NL; but if the cathedral chapter of Lund was secularized at this time, it may alone have sufficed for their reduced chapter office. Its text is an abbreviated martyrology of Ado (third recension, family 2) with additions made c. 975–1025 in Metz and Cologne, in one or more monastic establishments under Irish influence. Its stock of regional and local saints is a mixed inheritance deriving from Knud the Great (St. Botulf), the archbishopric of Hamburg–Bremen (Sts. Willehad, Ansgar and Rimbert), other parts of the Danish church (King St. Knud, buried in Odense, and Pope St. Lucius, venerated in Roskilde) and contemporary connections (St. Godehard of Hildesheim). Subsequent additions include both local saints (Knud Lavard, William of Aebelholt) and universal ones (e.g. Thomas of Canterbury, Francis and Dominic). The last addition was Elizabeth of Hungary, canonized in 1235.
During most of the thirteenth century the necrology continued to be kept up-to-date with, e.g., deceased members of the Benedictine house of All Saints in Lund and the Augustinian house of the Holy Cross in Dalby, which stood in an immemorial relation of confraternity with the canons in Lund. In 1293, however, the LDV was consigned to the archives.
The purpose of the article is to explain what a martyrology is and how it was used, to situate Liber Daticus Vetustior (LDV) in the history of martyrologies and to elucidate its sources, character and original function. General accounts about Christian celebration, the cult of saints and the historical development of the martyrology pave the way for more specific treatment of the textual history of the LDV and its use within the chapter office.
Chapter took place in religious communities after prime or terce and consisted of three main sections, a liturgical one, a disciplinary ”chapter of faults” and a session of practical deliberations. The liturgical section normally consisted of gathering, reading from calendar and martyrology, prayer for God’s assistance during the day, reading from the rule of the community, commemoration of departed friends and distribution of liturgical tasks. But the structure varied. In Lund, although the cathedral community followed the Rule of Aachen and a revised version of the customs of the canons regular of Marbach, chapter was celebrated in a form apparently inspired by the Rule of Chrodegang, where the reading from the rule was placed first, ahead of the reading from the martyrology. The contents of Necrologium Lundense (NL), a chapter book from 1123, reflect this order. However, the NL contains no martyrology, only a calendar with the names of saints that were commemorated liturgically.
The LDV was acquired c. 1140 and is a combined martyrology and necrology. It may have been used in conjunction with NL; but if the cathedral chapter of Lund was secularized at this time, it may alone have sufficed for their reduced chapter office. Its text is an abbreviated martyrology of Ado (third recension, family 2) with additions made c. 975–1025 in Metz and Cologne, in one or more monastic establishments under Irish influence. Its stock of regional and local saints is a mixed inheritance deriving from Knud the Great (St. Botulf), the archbishopric of Hamburg–Bremen (Sts. Willehad, Ansgar and Rimbert), other parts of the Danish church (King St. Knud, buried in Odense, and Pope St. Lucius, venerated in Roskilde) and contemporary connections (St. Godehard of Hildesheim). Subsequent additions include both local saints (Knud Lavard, William of Aebelholt) and universal ones (e.g. Thomas of Canterbury, Francis and Dominic). The last addition was Elizabeth of Hungary, canonized in 1235.
During most of the thirteenth century the necrology continued to be kept up-to-date with, e.g., deceased members of the Benedictine house of All Saints in Lund and the Augustinian house of the Holy Cross in Dalby, which stood in an immemorial relation of confraternity with the canons in Lund. In 1293, however, the LDV was consigned to the archives.
Department/s
Publishing year
2015
Language
Swedish
Pages
105-130
Publication/Series
Mellan evighet och vardag : Lunds domkyrkas martyrologium Liber daticus vetustior : Studier och faksimilutgåva
Document type
Book chapter
Publisher
Universitetsbiblioteket i Lund
Topic
- Religious Studies
Keywords
- Martyrology
- necrology
- Lund Cathedral
- chapter office
- Nordic saints
- Liber daticus lundensis vetustior
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Other
- ISBN: 978-91-7874-181-6