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Gram-positive anaerobic cocci - commensals and opportunistic pathogens.

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Author

Summary, in English

Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for approximately 25-30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. Still, routine culture and identification of these slowly growing anaerobes to the species level has been limited in the diagnostic laboratory, mainly due to the requirement of prolonged incubation times and time-consuming phenotypic identification. In addition, GPAC are mostly isolated from polymicrobial infections with known pathogens and therefore their relevance has often been overlooked. However, through improvements in diagnostic and in particular molecular techniques, the isolation and identification of individual genera and species of GPAC associated with specific infections have been enhanced. Furthermore, the taxonomy of GPAC has undergone considerable changes over the years, mainly due to the development of molecular identification methods. Existing species have been renamed and novel species have been added, resulting in changes of the nomenclature. As the abundance and significance of GPAC in clinical infections grow, knowledge of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of different species becomes more important. The present review describes recent advances of GPAC and what is known of the biology and pathogenic effects of Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus and Peptostreptococcus, the most important GPAC genera isolated from human infections. © 2012 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by BlackwellPublishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

Publishing year

2013

Language

English

Pages

520-553

Publication/Series

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Volume

37

Issue

4

Document type

Journal article review

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Topic

  • Infectious Medicine

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1574-6976