Pro-inflammatory S100A9 Protein as a Robust Biomarker Differentiating Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease

Summary, in English

Pro-inflammatory protein S100A9 was established as a biomarker of dementia progression and compared with others such as Aβ1-42 and tau-proteins. CSF samples from 104 stringently diagnosed individuals divided into five subgroups were analyzed, including nondemented controls, stable mild cognitive impairment (SMCI), mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) patients. ELISA, dot-blotting, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used as research methods. The S100A9 and Aβ1-42 levels correlated with each other: their CSF content decreased already at the SMCI stage and declined further under MCI-AD, AD, and VaD conditions. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed involvement of both Aβ1-42 and S100A9 in the amyloid-neuroinflammatory cascade already during SMCI. Tau proteins were not yet altered in SMCI; however their contents increased during MCI-AD and AD, diagnosing later dementia stages. Thus, four biomarkers together, reflecting different underlying pathological causes, can accurately differentiate dementia progression and also distinguish AD from VaD.

• Author: I. Horvath; X. Jia; Per Johansson; C. Wang; R. Moskalenko; A. Steinau; L. Forsgren; T. Wågberg; J. Svensson; H. Zetterberg; L. A. Morozova-Roche
• Publishing year: 2016
• Language: English
• Pages: 34-39
• Publication/Series: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
• Volume: 7
• Issue: 1
• Links: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550994; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00265
• Document type: Journal article
• Publisher: The American Chemical Society (ACS)
• Topic: Neurosciences
• Status: Published
• Project: Endocrine and diagnostic aspects of cognitive impairment
• ISBN/ISSN/Other: ISSN: 1948-7193