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Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure.

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Author

  • Adrian Covaci
  • Elly Den Hond
  • Tinne Geens
  • Eva Govarts
  • Gudrun Koppen
  • Hanne Frederiksen
  • Lisbeth E Knudsen
  • Thit A Mørck
  • Arno C Gutleb
  • Cedric Guignard
  • Emanuelle Cocco
  • Milena Horvat
  • Ester Heath
  • Tina Kosjek
  • Darja Mazej
  • Janja Snoj Tratnik
  • Argelia Castaño
  • Marta Esteban
  • Francisco Cutanda
  • Juan José Ramos
  • Marika Berglund
  • Kristin Larsson
  • Bo A Jönsson
  • Pierre Biot
  • Ludwine Casteleyn
  • Reinhard Joas
  • Anke Joas
  • Louis Bloemen
  • Ovnair Sepai
  • Karen Exley
  • Greet Schoeters
  • Jürgen Angerer
  • Marike Kolossa-Gehring
  • Ulrike Fiddicke
  • Dominique Aerts
  • Holger M Koch
Show all

Summary, in English

For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.

Publishing year

2015

Language

English

Pages

77-85

Publication/Series

Environmental Research

Volume

141

Issue

Oct 13

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

Elsevier

Topic

  • Environmental Health and Occupational Health

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1096-0953