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Novel aspects of glypican glycobiology.

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Author

Summary, in English

Mutations in glypican genes cause dysmorphic and overgrowth syndromes in men and mice, abnormal development in flies and worms, and defective gastrulation in zebrafish and ascidians. All glypican core proteins share a characteristic pattern of 14 conserved cysteine residues. Upstream from the C-terminal membrane anchorage are 3–4 heparan sulfate attachment sites. Cysteines in glypican-1 can become nitrosylated by nitric oxide in a copper-dependent reaction. When glypican-1 is exposed to ascorbate, nitric oxide is released and participates in deaminative cleavage of heparan sulfate at sites where the glucosamines have a free amino group. This process takes place while glypican-1 recycles via a nonclassical, caveolin-1-associated route. Glypicans are involved in growth factor signalling and transport, e.g. of polyamines. Cargo can be unloaded from heparan sulfate by nitric oxide-dependent degradation. How glypican and its degradation products and the cargo exit from the recycling route is an enigma.

Publishing year

2004

Language

English

Pages

1016-1024

Publication/Series

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volume

61

Issue

9

Document type

Journal article review

Publisher

Birkhäuser Verlag

Topic

  • Cell Biology

Keywords

  • Caveolae
  • development
  • growth factors
  • heparan sulfate
  • nitric oxide
  • polyamines
  • S-nitrosylation

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1420-9071