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Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages Are Associated with Metastasis Suppression in High-Grade Osteosarcoma: A Rationale for Treatment with Macrophage Activating Agents

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Author

  • Emilie P. Buddingh
  • Marieke L. Kuijjer
  • Ronald A. J. Duim
  • Horst Buerger
  • Konstantin Agelopoulos
  • Ola Myklebost
  • Massimo Serra
  • Fredrik Mertens
  • Pancras C. W. Hogendoom
  • Arjan C. Lankester
  • Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
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Summary, in English

Purpose: High-grade osteosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor with a peak incidence in adolescence. Overall survival (OS) of patients with resectable metastatic disease is approximately 20%. The exact mechanisms of development of metastases in osteosarcoma remain unclear. Most studies focus on tumor cells, but it is increasingly evident that stroma plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. We investigated the development of metastasis by studying tumor cells and their stromal context. Experimental Design: To identify gene signatures playing a role in metastasis, we carried out genome-wide gene expression profiling on prechemotherapy biopsies of patients who did (n = 34) and patients who did not (n = 19) develop metastases within 5 years. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on pretreatment biopsies from 2 additional cohorts (n = 63 and n = 16) and corresponding postchemotherapy resections and metastases. Results: A total of 118/132 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in patients without metastases. Remarkably, almost half of these upregulated genes had immunological functions, particularly related to macrophages. Macrophage-associated genes were expressed by infiltrating cells and not by osteosarcoma cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were quantified with IHC and associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) in the additional patient cohorts. Osteosarcoma samples contained both M1-(CD14/HLA-DR alpha positive) and M2-type TAMs (CD14/CD163 positive and association with angiogenesis). Conclusions: In contrast to most other tumor types, TAMs are associated with reduced metastasis and improved survival in high-grade osteosarcoma. This study provides a biological rationale for the adjuvant treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma patients with macrophage activating agents, such as muramyl tripeptide. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2110-9. (C) 2011 AACR.

Department/s

Publishing year

2011

Language

English

Pages

2110-2119

Publication/Series

Clinical Cancer Research

Volume

17

Issue

8

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research

Topic

  • Cancer and Oncology

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1078-0432