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Optical monitoring of volcanic sulphur dioxide emissions - comparison between four different remote-sensing spectroscopic techniques

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Author

  • Petter Weibring
  • Johannes Swartling
  • Hans Edner
  • Sune Svanberg
  • T Caltabiano
  • D Condarelli
  • L Pantani
  • G Cecchi

Summary, in English

The emissions of sulphur dioxide from the Italian volcanoes Mt. Etna and Stromboli were studied in ship-borne underpasses of their plumes. Four different optical spectroscopy techniques were used and inter-compared. All techniques utilise the absorption signature of the gas in the wavelength region of around 300 nm. A differential absorption lidar was employed in active gas concentration assessment. In parallel, a differential optical absorption spectroscopy system (DOAS) provided spectrally resolved absorption spectra, In one configuration the DOAS used a vertically looking telescope and the absorption of the skylight was studied, while a different DOAS implementation utilised the sun disc as the light source in slant-angle, long-path absorption measurements. Parallel measurements with the customary correlation spectroscopy method were also performed. Path length Monte Carlo simulations of the down-welling radiation through the volcanic plume at different sun altitude and azimuth angles have been performed taking into account also the effects of other geometric parameters as the plume height and extension. The results are discussed with special emphasis on systematic effects due to scattering.

Department/s

Publishing year

2002

Language

English

Pages

267-284

Publication/Series

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Volume

37

Issue

2-3

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

Elsevier

Topic

  • Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics

Keywords

  • correlation spectroscopy
  • DOAS
  • lidar

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 0143-8166