Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace levels in environmental waters using hollow-fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Author
Summary, in English
In this study, we present a simple and easy-to-use extraction method that is based on a hollow-fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE), as an extraction technique, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), at trace levels in aqueous samples. The hollow-fiber membrane (HF) filled with organic solvent was immersed into the aqueous sample, spiked with the analytes at ng l(-1) level, and stirred for 60 min. The proposed method could attain enrichment factors (E-e) up to 5200 times, after optimising parameters, such as organic solvent, stirring speed and extraction time, that affect the extraction. The HF-MMLLE-GC-MS method was successfully applied to the extraction of PBDEs from tap, river and leachate water samples with spike recoveries ranging from 85% to 110%. The method validation with reagent and leachate water samples provided good linearity, detection limits of 1.1 ng l(-1) or lower, both in reagent and leachate water, as well as satisfactory precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility with values of % relative standard deviation (%RSD) lower than 8.6 and 16.9, respectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Department/s
Publishing year
2006
Language
English
Pages
41-48
Publication/Series
Journal of Chromatography A
Volume
1133
Issue
1-2
Document type
Journal article
Publisher
Elsevier
Topic
- Analytical Chemistry
Keywords
- environmental waters
- hollow-fiber microporous membrane
- liquid-liquid extraction
- polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Other
- ISSN: 0021-9673