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Meta-Analysis Investigating Associations Between Healthy Diet and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels and Modification by Loci Associated With Glucose Homeostasis in Data From 15 Cohorts

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Author

  • Jennifer A. Nettleton
  • Marie-France Hivert
  • Rozenn N. Lemaitre
  • Nicola M. McKeown
  • Dariush Mozaffarian
  • Toshiko Tanaka
  • Mary K. Wojczynski
  • Adela Hruby
  • Luc Djousse
  • Julius S. Ngwa
  • Jack L. Follis
  • Maria Dimitriou
  • Andrea Ganna
  • Denise K. Houston
  • Stavroula Kanoni
  • Vera Mikkila
  • Ani Manichaikul
  • Ioanna Ntalla
  • Frida Renström
  • Emily Sonestedt
  • Frank J. A. van Rooij
  • Stefania Bandinelli
  • Lawrence de Koning
  • Ulrika Ericson
  • Neelam Hassanali
  • Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong
  • Kurt K. Lohman
  • Olli Raitakari
  • Constantina Papoutsakis
  • Per Sjogren
  • Kathleen Stirrups
  • Erika Ax
  • Panos Deloukas
  • Christopher J. Groves
  • Paul F. Jacques
  • Ingegerd Johansson
  • Yongmei Liu
  • Mark I. McCarthy
  • Kari North
  • Jorma Viikari
  • M. Carola Zillikens
  • Josee Dupuis
  • Albert Hofman
  • Genovefa Kolovou
  • Kenneth Mukamal
  • Inga Prokopenko
  • Olov Rolandsson
  • Ilkka Seppala
  • L. Adrienne Cupples
  • Frank B. Hu
  • Mika Kahonen
  • Andre G. Uitterlinden
  • Ingrid B. Borecki
  • Luigi Ferrucci
  • David R. Jr. Jacobs
  • Stephen B. Kritchevsky
  • Marju Orho-Melander
  • James S. Pankow
  • Terho Lehtimaki
  • Jacqueline C. M. Witteman
  • Erik Ingelsson
  • David S. Siscovick
  • George Dedoussis
  • James B. Meigs
  • Paul Franks
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Summary, in English

Whether loci that influence fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels, as identified by genome-wide association studies, modify associations of diet with FG or FI is unknown. We utilized data from 15 US and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and diet interact to influence FG or FI concentration. We constructed a diet score using study-specific quartile rankings for intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, and nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugared beverages, and fried potatoes (unfavorable). We used linear regression within studies, followed by inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis, to quantify 1) associations of diet score with FG and FI levels and 2) interactions of diet score with 16 FG-associated loci and 2 FI-associated loci. Diet score (per unit increase) was inversely associated with FG ( 0.004 mmol/L, 95 confidence interval: 0.005, 0.003) and FI ( 0.008 ln-pmol/L, 95 confidence interval: 0.009, 0.007) levels after adjustment for demographic factors, lifestyle, and body mass index. Genotype variation at the studied loci did not modify these associations. Healthier diets were associated with lower FG and FI concentrations regardless of genotype at previously replicated FG- and FI-associated loci. Studies focusing on genomic regions that do not yield highly statistically significant associations from main-effect genome-wide association studies may be more fruitful in identifying diet-gene interactions.

Publishing year

2013

Language

English

Pages

103-115

Publication/Series

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volume

177

Issue

2

Document type

Journal article review

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Topic

  • Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • dietary pattern
  • gene-environment interaction
  • glucose
  • insulin

Status

Published

Research group

  • Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology
  • Nutrition Epidemiology
  • Diabetes - Cardiovascular Disease

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 0002-9262