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Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and neurocristopathies : Dermatan sulfate is required for Xenopus neural crest cells to migrate and adhere to fibronectin

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Author

Summary, in English

Of all live births with congenital anomalies, approximately one-third exhibit deformities ofthe head and face. Most craniofacial disorders are associated with defects in a migratory stem and progenitor cell population, which is designated the neural crest (NC). Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (MCEDS) is a heritable connective tissue disorder with distinct craniofacial features; this syndrome comprises multiple congenital malformations that are caused bydysfunction ofdermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthetic enzymes, including DS epimerase-1 (DS-epi1; also known as DSE). Studies in mice have extended our understanding of DS-epi1 inconnective tissue maintenance; however, its role in fetal development is not understood. We demonstrate that DS-epi1isimportant for the generationofisolated iduronic acid residues in chondroitin sulfate (CS)/DS proteoglycans in early Xenopus embryos. The knockdown of DS-epi1 does not affect the formation of early NC progenitors; however, it impairs the correct activation of transcription factors involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduces the extent of NC cell migration, which leads to a decrease in NC-derived craniofacial skeleton, melanocytes and dorsal fin structures. Transplantation experiments demonstrate a tissue-autonomous role for DS-epi1 in cranial NC cell migration in vivo. Cranial NC explant and single-cell cultures indicate a requirement of DS-epi1 in cell adhesion, spreading and extension of polarized cell processes on fibronectin. Thus, our work indicates a functional link between DS and NC cell migration. We conclude that NC defects in the EMT and cell migration might account for the craniofacial anomalies and other congenital malformations in MCEDS, which might facilitate the diagnosis and development of therapies for this distressing condition. Moreover, the presented correlations between human DS-epi1 expression and gene sets of mesenchymal character, invasion and metastasis in neuroblastoma and malignant melanoma suggest an association between DS and NC-derived cancers.

Department/s

Publishing year

2016-06-01

Language

English

Pages

607-620

Publication/Series

Disease Models and Mechanisms

Volume

9

Issue

6

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

The Company of Biologists Ltd

Topic

  • Cell and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer and Oncology

Keywords

  • Cancer
  • Cell migration
  • Dermatan sulfate
  • Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
  • Neural crest
  • Xenopus

Status

Published

Research group

  • Matrix Biology

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1754-8403